Content delivery and consumption with affinity-based remixing

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method in which a processing system obtains physical and social environmental data for a communication device user, and provides content for presentation at the device. First reaction data, obtained via sensors associated with the user, indicate the user&#39;s reaction to presentation of the content; the data is analyzed to determine user affinity for the content in a context of the physical and social environments. The content is modified during the presentation; second reaction data is obtained and analyzed to determine a second user affinity for the modified content. If the affinity is enhanced, the modified content is sent to other users&#39; equipment via a social network. Affinity responses regarding the modified content are analyzed, and a set of users is identified as an affinity group; additional content is transmitted to equipment of the affinity group. Other embodiments are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/921,125, filed Mar. 14, 2018, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to modifying content consumed by users ofmobile devices, and more particularly to a system for automaticallymodifying content for presentation on a social media platform.

BACKGROUND

A mobile communication device can provide various types of content to auser in a variety of physical and social environments. A user's reactionto, and affinity for, an item of content can be influenced by the user'sreal-time environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a communications network in accordance with variousaspects described herein.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 and performing analysis of sensor data regarding a reaction ofthe user to the provided content, in accordance with various aspectsdescribed herein.

FIG. 2C is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 and providing remixed content to the equipment of the user, inaccordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2D is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 and facilitating sharing the remixed content via a socialnetwork, in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIGS. 2E-2F are connected flowcharts depicting an illustrativeembodiment of a method in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of amobile network platform in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acommunication device in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments for a system and method for modifying content in real timeas it is presented to a user, to enhance the user's affinity for thatcontent. Other embodiments are described in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a methodcomprising obtaining, by a processing system including a processor,environmental data for a physical environment of user equipment and fora social environment of a user associated with the user equipment; andproviding content to the user equipment for presentation at the userequipment. The method also comprises obtaining, from sensors associatedwith the user, first reaction data indicating a first user reaction to apresentation of the content; analyzing the first reaction data todetermine a first user affinity for the content in a context of thephysical environment and the social environment; and modifying thecontent in response to the first user affinity, thereby generating,during the presentation, modified content for presentation at the userequipment; the modified content is substituted for currently presentedcontent. The method further comprises obtaining, from the sensors,second reaction data indicating a second user reaction to the modifiedcontent; and analyzing the second reaction data to determine a seconduser affinity for the modified content. The method also comprises,responsive to the second user affinity being greater than the first useraffinity, transmitting the modified content to equipment of a pluralityof other users via a social network. The method further comprisesanalyzing affinity responses from the equipment of the other usersregarding the modified content; identifying a set of other users havingaffinity responses within a predetermined range of the second useraffinity, the user and the set of the plurality of other usersaccordingly forming an affinity group; and transmitting additionalcontent to equipment of the affinity group.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a devicecomprising a processing system and a memory that stores executableinstructions; the instructions when executed by the processing system,facilitate performance of operations. The operations comprise obtainingenvironmental data for a physical environment of user equipment and fora social environment of a user associated with the user equipment; andproviding content to the user equipment for presentation at the userequipment. The operations also comprise obtaining, from sensorsassociated with the user, first reaction data indicating a first userreaction to a presentation of the content, where the environmental dataand the first reaction data are obtained at predetermined intervalsduring the presentation of the content; analyzing the first reactiondata to determine a first user affinity for the content in a context ofthe physical environment and the social environment; and modifying thecontent in response to the first user affinity, thereby generating,during the presentation, modified content for presentation at the userequipment; the modified content is substituted for currently presentedcontent. The operations also comprise obtaining, from the sensors,second reaction data indicating a second user reaction to the modifiedcontent; and analyzing the second reaction data to determine a seconduser affinity for the modified content; the first user affinity and thesecond user affinity have numeric values. The operations also comprise,responsive to the second user affinity being greater than the first useraffinity, transmitting the modified content to equipment of a pluralityof other users via a social network. The operations further compriseanalyzing affinity responses from the equipment of the other usersregarding the modified content; identifying a set of other users havingaffinity responses within a predetermined range of the second useraffinity, the user and the set of the plurality of other usersaccordingly forming an affinity group; and transmitting additionalcontent to equipment of the affinity group.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a machine-readablestorage medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed bya processing system including a processor, facilitate performance ofoperations. The operations comprise obtaining environmental data for aphysical environment of user equipment and for a social environment of auser associated with the user equipment; and providing content to theuser equipment for presentation at the user equipment. The operationsalso comprise obtaining, from sensors associated with the user, firstreaction data indicating a first user reaction to a presentation of thecontent, where the sensors include biometric sensors; analyzing thefirst reaction data to determine a first user affinity for the contentin a context of the physical environment and the social environment; andmodifying the content in response to the first user affinity, therebygenerating, during the presentation, modified content for presentationat the user equipment; the modified content is substituted for currentlypresented content. The operations also comprise obtaining, from thesensors, second reaction data indicating a second user reaction to themodified content; and analyzing the second reaction data to determine asecond user affinity for the modified content. The operations alsocomprise, responsive to the second user affinity being greater than thefirst user affinity, transmitting the modified content to equipment of aplurality of other users via a social network. The operations furthercomprise analyzing affinity responses from the equipment of the otherusers regarding the modified content; identifying a set of other usershaving affinity responses within a predetermined range of the seconduser affinity, the user and the set of the plurality of other usersaccordingly forming an affinity group; and transmitting additionalcontent to equipment of the affinity group.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network 100 inaccordance with various aspects described herein. In particular, acommunications network 125 is presented for providing broadband access110 to a plurality of data terminals 114 via access terminal 112,wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobile devices 124 and vehicle 126via base station or access point 122, voice access 130 to a plurality oftelephony devices 134, via switching device 132 and/or media access 140to a plurality of audio/video display devices 144 via media terminal142. In addition, communication network 125 is coupled to one or morecontent sources 175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media.While broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130 andmedia access 140 are shown separately, one or more of these forms ofaccess can be combined to provide multiple access services to a singleclient device (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receive media content viamedia terminal 142, data terminal 114 can be provided voice access viaswitching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements(NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110,wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or thedistribution of content from content sources 175. The communicationsnetwork 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, avoice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP)network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G,or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network,UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless accessnetwork, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communicationsnetwork.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digitalsubscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal.The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers,netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interfacespecification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modemsuch as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/orother access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can includea 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point thatoperates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or otherwireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobilephones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or othermobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a privatebranch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIPgateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with orwithout a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephonydevices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cablehead-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or othermedia terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions withor without a set top box, personal computers and/or other displaydevices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcasttelevision and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streamingvideo and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks,data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or othersources of media.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can includewired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152,154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transferpoints, service control points, network gateways, media distributionhubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and othernetwork nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic overwired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and otherpublic networks as well as one or more private networks, for managingsubscriber access, for billing and network management and for supportingother network functions.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment 201 of a system functioning within the communication networkof FIG. 1 and providing content to equipment of a user, in accordancewith various aspects described herein. As shown in FIG. 2A, computingdevice 215 (for example, a content server on communications network 125)provides content 213 to equipment 211 of a user 210. In this embodiment,the user equipment 211 is a mobile phone. Content 213 can include audio,text, video or a combination thereof.

The user's reaction while consuming content 213 can be recorded andanalyzed by the system using input from biometric sensors (worn orcarried by the user as indicated schematically at 212, or integratedinto equipment 211). The biometric sensors capture a wide range of dataincluding pulse, blood pressure, respiration, pupildilation/constriction, voice cadence, walking gait/step size, etc. Whilethe biometric data indicate the user's reaction automatically (that is,without deliberate input by the user), the user can also express hisreaction using equipment 211 (for example, with spoken words or byentering a text message).

The reaction data, including the biometric data, can indicate not only“like/dislike” for the content by the user, but also a measurable degreeof like or dislike; this is referred to herein as affinity for thecontent, which can be positive (the user “likes” or responds favorablyto the content) or negative (the user “dislikes” or responds unfavorablyto the content). In this embodiment, the affinity is determined in realtime by comparing reaction data with a user profile stored in a database216 accessible to the server 215 (e.g. comparing a baseline bloodpressure reading with blood pressure while consuming the content). Theuser's affinity for the content can vary during presentation of thecontent; for example, the user may have different affinities fordifferent segments 213 a, 213 b, 213 c of content 213.

The user's affinity for the content can depend, at least in part, onenvironmental conditions, particularly if the user is outdoors and/or ina public place with the mobile phone. Environmental conditions caninclude both the physical environment (e.g. real-time conditions such astemperature, outdoor cloud cover, precipitation, indoor light level,etc.) and the social environment (e.g. the user's interactions withother persons 218). The social environment can include meetings in aninstant messaging (IM) environment or chat room, as well as in-personmeetings and conversations. In this embodiment, the user 210 can wear orcarry sensors that capture environmental conditions in real time.

In a further embodiment, a camera worn or carried by the user 210, orintegrated into mobile phone 211, can capture images of person(s) 218;these images may then be used to identify person(s) 218. The user'sassociations with those persons can be included in the user profile; thesystem can then analyze those associations to determine the user'saffinity for his/her present social situation, which in turn caninfluence the user's affinity for the content being presented to theuser at that time.

In another embodiment, the user 210 is engaged in a virtual reality (VR)session and has an affinity response to various components of his/her VRexperience (avatars, virtual objects, virtual meetings/conversations,etc.).

FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment 202 of a system functioning within the communication networkof FIG. 1 and performing analysis of sensor data regarding a reaction ofthe user to the provided content, in accordance with various aspectsdescribed herein. In this embodiment, mobile phone 211 transmits sensordata 221 to server 215; the sensor data indicates the reaction of user210 in real time to the content 213 presented to the user.

The system analyzes the sensor data to determine the user's affinity 223for the content. In an embodiment, the sensor data analysis is performedby the system at a remote computing device (not shown in FIG. 2B), whileserver 215 maintains a log of the presented content and the useraffinity; an identification of the content, and the user affinity forthat content, may be updated at regular intervals (e.g. 5 seconds).

In this embodiment, the content 213 has one or more tags 220 associatedwith the content. The system can extract specific tags and apply theuser affinity to those tags (e.g. tags for visual, text and audiocontent); the content tags thus can form a record of the user's affinityfor the content each time the content is consumed. In a furtherembodiment, the system stores in a database a record that includes (1)an identifier of the content consumed, (2) the user's affinity for thecontent, (3) a user physical environment context for the contentconsumption (e.g, user location, time of day, light level, etc.), (4) auser social environment context for the content consumption (e.g.whether the user is interacting with a group).

In another embodiment, the system applies machine learning to contentconsumption; in particular, the system can review repeated consumptionof particular items of content, or similar items of content (e.g. itemsof content having tags indicating that they belong to the same genre),and predict the user affinity for the next time such content isconsumed.

In another embodiment, the system can collect and summarize contentitems previously created, having positive affinity and related to aparticular event or time period (e.g. “last summer's visit to NewYork”). The system can then arrange that content, according to theaffinity for each item, for repeated presentation to the user. Sucharrangements of content, referred to herein as “curated content,” mayadvantageously be shared with other users.

FIG. 2C is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment 203 of a system functioning within the communication networkof FIG. 1 and providing remixed content 230 to the equipment 211 of theuser 210, in accordance with various aspects described herein. In thisembodiment, the content provided to the user is automatically modifiedin order to enhance the user affinity. Modifying the content (alsoreferred to herein as “remixing”) can include, for example,highlighting, enlarging and/or bolding specific portions of text;highlighting and/or enlarging an object shown in a still picture or avideo; changing the color scheme of a still picture or a video; addingproduct placements to still pictures or video; adding comments (text oraudio) either from the user or from others; adding or substitutingbackground audio in a video presentation; and/or deleting or suppressingcontent portions with negative affinity. Since user reaction data isreceived and user affinity is analyzed automatically, the systemreceives real-time feedback regarding the effect of remixing on the useraffinity.

The type of remixing can depend at least in part on previously performedremixing (e.g. changing purple to red in the background enhancedaffinity the last time an item of video content was viewed), the user'sphysical and/or social environment, on known user preferences stored inthe profile database, or any combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the remixing is performed on the content received atserver 215 from the content provider (not shown). The equipment of user210 thus receives the remixed content instead of the original content.In another embodiment, the remixing is performed by the user equipmenton a copy of the original content transmitted by the server 215 to theuser equipment. In another embodiment, a first remixing is performed atthe server (e.g. changing background colors, applying stored userpreferences), and a second remixing is performed at the user equipment(e.g. in response to real-time conditions detected by sensors 212).

If the user 210 requests repeated presentation of a particular item ofcontent, remixing can be performed progressively to enhance the useraffinity. For example, portions of a picture that elicit a positiveaffinity response may be shown with more vibrant colors, while otherportions with lower or negative affinity may be reduced in size, shownin grayscale and finally eliminated from the presentation. In anotherexample, a picture of a product that previously elicited a positiveaffinity response can be inserted into the current content, and thenhighlighted in subsequent presentations of that content.

As shown schematically in FIG. 2C, the remixed content 230 can be sharedwith a group of other users 218 via a social network 231 over whichthose users communicate using their respective devices 238. In anembodiment, each of users 218 has an affinity response to the remixedcontent 230, which is then automatically remixed and provided to therespective devices 238. Accordingly, there will in general be as manyremixed versions generated as there are users sharing the content. Auser in communication with the group and sharing the content (forexample, user 210) can experience these remixed versions as new content.

In another embodiment, the system searches for additional content thathas a user affinity similar to that of the remixed content 230, andrecommends that content to the other users 218. It will be appreciatedthat discovery, recommendation and sharing of content can beaccomplished using either proximal links (e.g. meeting in-person) orglobal links.

In another embodiment, user 210 creates new content by capturing images(or otherwise acquiring content) using equipment 211, and recordinghis/her impressions regarding those images. The user's affinities forthese images can then be automatically determined and logged by thesystem. The content can be automatically remixed, for example byhighlighting images or portions of images where the affinity isenhanced. Alternatively, images can be highlighted based on positiveaffinities previously stored in the user profile regarding similarimages. The remixed images can thus form a real-time stream of contentwith positive affinity for user 210 (an “affinity stream” for the user)and be shared with other users via a social network. In this embodiment,the system can provide different types of highlighting based on thenature of the image. For example, an image of a product eliciting apositive affinity response can be highlighted with an orange halo(indicating “I want to buy this product”), while an image of a celebritycan by highlighted with a purple halo (indicating “I want to sharegossip about this person”).

In a further embodiment, user 210 participates in a virtual reality (VR)session 232 in which various virtual objects are presented to the user,virtual conversations occur, etc. The user will have real-time reactionsto these experiences; accordingly, an affinity can be determined forvarious different elements in the VR session, and remixing can beautomatically performed to modify the user's VR experience. Inparticular, an avatar associated with another participant in the VRsession may have its appearance altered as presented to the user 210.

FIG. 2D is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment 204 of a system functioning within the communication networkof FIG. 1 and facilitating sharing remixed content 240 in an affinitygroup via a social network, in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

As shown schematically in FIG. 2D, an affinity stream 244, generated bythe system and including remixed content from user 210, is shared withother users via social network 245. The affinity responses from theother users are received and analyzed by the system. In particular, thesystem compares the affinities of the various users to determine whetherthey are consistent with each other. In this embodiment, users 246,whose affinity responses are within a predetermined range of theaffinities in the affinity stream 244 of user 210, form an affinitygroup with user 210 and continue to share affinity stream 244 whilecontributing their own affinity streams; user 248, whose affinityresponse is not consistent with those of users 210 and 246, will havehis/her affinity stream no longer shared and thus be excluded from theaffinity group.

In a further embodiment, the system can monitor affinities for sharedcontent by individuals in the affinity group, and automatically providecontent and/or recommendations when inconsistent or negative affinity isshown by a group member. For example, if a member of the affinity grouphas negative affinities (or positive affinities below a predeterminedthreshold) for a certain period of time (e.g. two days), the system canautomatically recommend content to that user, provide content previouslydetermined to elicit positive affinity, or alert others in the group tooffer attention to that member.

In another embodiment, the system can develop a collective profile forthe affinity group, and provide recommendations and/or predictions basedon that profile. For example, members of a group that likes to gatherfor a happy hour at a restaurant can have an overlay applied to theirmapping applications that highlights the location of the restaurant, andanother overlay applied to their calendars that highlights the time forthe happy hour.

The affinity streams provided to the user 210 from the other groupmembers 246, can be remixed, curated and stored by user 210, so thatexperiences of another user can be enjoyed by user 210 according tohis/her individual profile. In a further embodiment, the system canautomatically remix content provided by any of the group membersaccording to the collective profile.

In another embodiment, the server 215 is controlled by an advertisingentity seeking to engage each user uniquely. In this embodiment, theaffinity responses of an individual user (e.g. user 210) to contentoffered via the server will influence further presentation of content tothat user. The system thus enables the advertiser to edit anadvertisement in real time, based on the individual user's affinities.Accordingly, two users can simultaneosly begin consuming a productadvertisement on their respective device by viewing the same image, butview different images at a later time during the presentation of theadvertisement.

FIGS. 2E-2F are connected flowcharts 205-206 depicting an illustrativeembodiment of a method in accordance with various aspects describedherein. The method relates to an individual user of the system (e.g. anetwork subscriber) having a mobile communication device (e.g. a smartphone).

The system monitors the location of the user's communication device(step 251) and collects data regarding the user's physical and/or socialenvironment (step 252). In an embodiment, the location monitoring andenvironmental data collection can be performed at regular timeintervals. The system then delivers content to the user (step 253) andextracts tags to which an affinity can be applied (step 254).

The system analyzes sensor data from the user and/or the user equipment(step 255) and determines the user's affinity for the content (step256). The user affinity may have a context; that is, the affinity for agiven content item can be at least partly influenced by the user'sphysical and/or social environment.

The system generates remixed content based on the affinity response(step 257). Remixing can be based on the current user profile and onuser preferences previously stored, in addition to the real-timeaffinity. The remixing can include altering the content in a number ofways (e.g. highlighting text or images, enlarging or reducing portionsof text or images, substituting colors, adding or substituting audio,etc.).

The system continues to obtain and analyze sensor data, and determineswhether the remixed content enhances the user's affinity response (step258). In an embodiment, the user affinity is expressed as a numericalvalue (e.g. +100 to −100) continuously varying with time. The affinityis then stored in a database (step 259), along with the tags relating tothe content and the user context (time of day, physical and socialenvironments, etc.). In an embodiment, the stored affinities can be usedto predict the user affinity for other content consumed at another time.The system then sends the remixed content to a social or VR platform forsharing with other users (step 260). In an embodiment, the remixedcontent is part of an affinity stream associated with the original user(e.g. user 210 making the initial affinity response). In anotherembodiment, the original user participates in a VR session; objectsappearing to the user, including other users' avatars, can be altered inaccordance with the user affinities.

The other users (subscribers to the social network or participants inthe VM session) consume the remixed content (step 261); their affinityresponses are obtained and analyzed by the system. In an embodiment, theremixed content is transmitted to equipment of a target group of users(friends of the user whose affinity response originated the remixedcontent, and/or users predicted by the system to have a positiveaffinity based on affinities previously analyzed for those users). Auser whose affinity response is not consistent with others in the group(step 262) is excluded from receiving the affinity stream further.

The system builds an affinity group (step 263) based on the users'affinities for the content/affinity stream associated with the originaluser. In an embodiment, the original user (user 210 in FIGS. 2A-2D) canadd to the group other users known to the original user. The system thenmakes the remixed content available to the members of the affinity group(step 263). Any member of the group can then modify the shared remixedcontent, thus generating new content accessible to all members of thegroup (step 264). In a further embodiment, the system can monitor all ofthe users in the group to obtain a group affinity for items of content,in addition to the individual user affinity; the system accordingly canpredict the group affinity and automatically modify content beingpresented to the group.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIGS. 2E-2F,it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matteris not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what isdepicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks maybe required to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication networkin accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular avirtualized communication network is presented that can be used toimplement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communicationnetwork 100, the subsystems and functions of systems 201-204, andmethods 205-206 presented in FIGS. 1, 2A-2D and 2E-2F.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leveragescloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or oneor more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, thiscloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leveragesapplication programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity fromservices and operations; supports more nimble business models; andrapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirementsincluding traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity ofperformance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typicallyintegrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communicationnetwork employs virtual network elements 330, 332, 334, etc. thatperform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrateof networking capability, often called Network Function VirtualizationInfrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of beingdirected with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocolsto perform a broad variety of network functions and services. Thisinfrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typicaltype of substrate being servers that support Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities basedon generic computing resources, with specialized network technologiesbrought to bear when general purpose processors or general purposeintegrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein asmerchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communicationservices can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), suchas an edge router can be implemented via a virtual network element 330composed of NFV software modules, merchant silicon, and associatedcontrollers. The software can be written so that increasing workloadconsumes incremental resources from a common resource pool, and moreoverso that it's elastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. Ina similar fashion, other network elements such as other routers,switches, edge caches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the commonresource pool. Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of usesmakes planning and growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wiredand/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces toprovide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130,media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distributionof content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, insome cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place,and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times,the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannotbe abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code andanalog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementationas virtual network elements 330, 332 or 334. These network elements canbe included in transport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transportlayer 350 to provide the virtual network elements 330, 332, 334, etc. toprovide specific NFVs. In particular, the virtualized network functioncloud 325 leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures tosupport networking workloads. The virtualized network elements 330, 332and 334 can employ network function software that provides either aone-for-one mapping of traditional network element function oralternately some combination of network functions designed for cloudcomputing. For example, virtualized network elements 330, 332 and 334can include route reflectors, domain name system (DNS) servers, anddynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers, system architectureevolution (SAE) and/or mobility management entity (MME) gateways,broadband network gateways, IP edge routers for IP-VPN, Ethernet andother services, load balancers, distributers and other network elements.Because these elements don't typically need to forward large amounts oftraffic, their workload can be distributed across a number ofservers—each of which adds a portion of the capability, and overallwhich creates an elastic function with higher availability than itsformer monolithic version. These virtual network elements 330, 332, 334,etc. can be instantiated and managed using an orchestration approachsimilar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilitiesof the VNE 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expandedcapabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. Inparticular, network workloads may have applications distributed acrossthe virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computingenvironment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrateworkloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these thirdparty locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein. In order to provide additional context for various embodimentsof the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussionare intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitablecomputing environment 400 in which the various embodiments of thesubject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computingenvironment 400 can be used in the implementation of network elements150, 152, 154, 156, access terminal 112, base station or access point122, switching device 132, media terminal 142, and/or virtual networkelements 330, 332, 334, etc. Each of these devices can be implementedvia computer-executable instructions that can run on one or morecomputers, and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors aswell as other application specific circuits such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine,programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals ordata and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. Itshould be noted that while any functions and features described hereinin association with the operation of a processor could likewise beperformed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured dataor unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM),flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devicesor other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to storedesired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or“non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and otherwireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise acomputer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, asystem memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couplessystem components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any ofvarious commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors andother multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that canfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can bestored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines thathelp to transfer information between elements within the computer 402,such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAMsuch as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 414 can also beconfigured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), amagnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to aremovable diskette 418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading aCD-ROM disk 422 or, to read from or write to other high capacity opticalmedia such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 414, magnetic disk drive 416and optical disk drive 420 can be connected to the system bus 408 by ahard disk drive interface 424, a magnetic disk drive interface 426 andan optical drive interface 428, respectively. The interface 424 forexternal drive implementations comprises at least one or both ofUniversal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external driveconnection technologies are within contemplation of the embodimentsdescribed herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storagemedia accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refersto a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and aremovable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of storage media which arereadable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flashmemory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exampleoperating environment, and further, that any such storage media cancontain computer-executable instructions for performing the methodsdescribed herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412,comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions ofthe operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown)can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick,a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and otherinput devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through aninput device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408,but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, anIEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. Itwill also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display,a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving displayinformation associated with computer 402 via any communication means,including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral outputdevices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remotecomputer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 450is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprise wired/wirelessconnectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/or larger networks,e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WAN networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitateenterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which canconnect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can beconnected to the local network 452 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 452, which canalso comprise a wireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with thewireless adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprisea modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are example and othermeans of establishing a communications link between the computers can beused.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bedin a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is awireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enablessuch devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radiotechnologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag etc.) to providesecure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can beused to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wirednetworks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operatein the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156,and/or virtual network elements 330, 332, 334, etc. In one or moreembodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can generate and receivesignals transmitted and received by base stations or access points suchas base station or access point 122. Generally, wireless networkplatform 510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces,servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate both packet-switched(PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfermode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic (e.g., voice and data), aswell as control generation for networked wireless telecommunication. Asa non-limiting example, wireless network platform 510 can be included intelecommunications carrier networks, and can be considered carrier-sidecomponents as discussed elsewhere herein. Mobile network platform 510comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which can interface CS traffic receivedfrom legacy networks like telephony network(s) 540 (e.g., publicswitched telephone network (PSTN), or public land mobile network (PLMN))or a signaling system #7 (SS7) network 570. Circuit switched gatewaynode(s) 512 can authorize and authenticate traffic (e.g., voice) arisingfrom such networks. Additionally, CS gateway node(s) 512 can accessmobility, or roaming, data generated through SS7 network 570; forinstance, mobility data stored in a visited location register (VLR),which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CS gateway node(s) 512interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PS gateway node(s) 518. Asan example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gateway node(s) 512 can berealized at least in part in gateway GPRS support node(s) (GGSN). Itshould be appreciated that functionality and specific operation of CSgateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and serving node(s) 516, isprovided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilized by mobilenetwork platform 510 for telecommunication.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic andsignaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticatePS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions cancomprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to thewireless network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WANs) 550,enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can beembodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to benoted that WANs 550 and enterprise network(s) 560 can embody, at leastin part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Basedon radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) 517,packet-switched gateway node(s) 518 can generate packet data protocolcontexts when a data session is established; other data structures thatfacilitate routing of packetized data also can be generated. To thatend, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 can comprise a tunnelinterface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in 3GPP UMTSnetwork(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetized communicationwith disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Fi networks.

In embodiment 500, wireless network platform 510 also comprises servingnode(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) withintechnology resource(s) 517, convey the various packetized flows of datastreams received through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to be noted thatfor technology resource(s) that rely primarily on CS communication,server node(s) can deliver traffic without reliance on PS gatewaynode(s) 518; for example, server node(s) can embody at least in part amobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, servingnode(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRS support node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 in wireless network platform 510 can execute numerous applicationsthat can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows,and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Suchapplication(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (forexample, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bywireless network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that arepart of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gatewaynode(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a datasession, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. Inaddition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utilityserver(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, anoperations and maintenance server, a security server that can implementat least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as othersecurity mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s)secure communication served through wireless network platform 510 toensure network's operation and data integrity in addition toauthorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s)can provision services from external network(s) like networks operatedby a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or GlobalPositioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s)can also provision coverage through networks associated to wirelessnetwork platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same serviceprovider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s)that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more networkcoverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processorsconfigured to confer at least in part the functionality of macrowireless network platform 510. To that end, the one or more processorcan execute code instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It isshould be appreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager,which operates in substantially the same manner as describedhereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related tooperation of wireless network platform 510. Other operationalinformation can comprise provisioning information of mobile devicesserved through wireless platform network 510, subscriber databases;application intelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates,flat-rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s)consistent with telecommunication protocols for operation of disparateradio, or wireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can alsostore information from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN550, enterprise network(s) 570, or SS7 network 560. In an aspect, memory530 can be, for example, accessed as part of a data store component oras a remotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communicationdevice 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as anillustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobiledevices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devicesfor communication via either communications network 125.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wirelesstransceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, apower supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, anorientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operationsthereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-rangewireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, orcellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth®and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special InterestGroup and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies caninclude, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO,WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communicationtechnologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted tosupport circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN),packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP,etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 witha navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or anavigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device 600 or an independent device operably coupledthereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or awireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 canrepresent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTYkeypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology forconveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In anembodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all ofthe keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 withnavigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interfacehaving graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The touch screen display 610 can beequipped with capacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technologyto detect how much surface area of a user's finger has been placed on aportion of the touch screen display. This sensing information can beused to control the manipulation of the GUI elements or other functionsof the user interface. The display 610 can be an integral part of thehousing assembly of the communication device 600 or an independentdevice communicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface(such as a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 600 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity modulesuch as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal IntegratedCircuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifyingsubscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and soon.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in theclaims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only anddoesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “afirst determination,” “a second determination,” and “a thirddetermination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determinationis to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory cancomprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available inmany forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhancedSDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, comprisingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tabletcomputers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Theillustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices thatare linked through a communications network; however, some if not allaspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alonecomputers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules canbe located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificialintelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more featuresdescribed herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection withautomatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximumvalue/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) canemploy various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodimentsthereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a rankingor priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is afunction that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ,xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is,f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilisticand/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysisutilities and costs) to prognose or infer an action that a user desiresto be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is anexample of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates byfinding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which thehypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from thenon-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classificationcorrect for testing data that is near, but not identical to trainingdata. Other directed and undirected model classification approachescomprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neuralnetworks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification modelsproviding different patterns of independence can be employed.Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statisticalregression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments canemploy classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generictraining data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UEbehavior, operator preferences, historical information, receivingextrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via alearning or training phase within a classifier constructor and featureselection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automaticallylearn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited todetermining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquiredcell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which ofthe acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existingcommunication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, theterms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By wayof illustration and not limitation, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can execute from variouscomputer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by asoftware or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. While various components have beenillustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiplecomponents can be implemented as a single component, or a singlecomponent can be implemented as multiple components, without departingfrom example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communicationsmedia. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but arenot limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digitalversatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art willrecognize many modifications can be made to this configuration withoutdeparting from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobiledevice” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to awireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wirelesscommunication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video,sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. Theforegoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with referenceto the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless contextwarrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms),which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially anycomputing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited tocomprising, single-core processors; single-processors with softwaremultithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-coreprocessors with software multithread execution capability; multi-coreprocessors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; andparallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor canalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,”and substantially any other information storage component relevant tooperation and functionality of a component, refer to “memorycomponents,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprisingthe memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of variousembodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes ofdescribing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of the presentembodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/orclaimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes”is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term isintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates thebeginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by otheractivities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indicationreflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/ormay be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further,while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, otherorderings are likewise possible provided that the principles ofcausality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupledto”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/orindirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Suchitems and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions,communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functionalblocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signalconveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one ormore intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format ofinformation in a signal, while one or more elements of the informationin the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can berecognized by the second item. In a further example of indirectcoupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the seconditem, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more interveningitems.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves thesame or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments describedor shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intendedto cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure.For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can becombined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. Inone or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can alsobe negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or withoutreplacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The stepsor functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functionsdescribed with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure canbe performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions ofthe subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from othersteps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further,more than or less than all of the features described with respect to anembodiment can also be utilized.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: a processing systemincluding a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructionsthat, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance ofoperations comprising: obtaining environmental data for a physicalenvironment of user equipment and for a social environment of a userassociated with the user equipment; providing content for presentationat the user equipment; obtaining first reaction data indicating a firstuser reaction to a presentation of the content; analyzing the firstreaction data to determine a first user affinity for the content in acontext of the physical environment and the social environment;automatically modifying the content in response to the first useraffinity, to generate, during the presentation, modified content forpresentation at the user equipment, wherein the modified content issubstituted for currently presented content; obtaining second reactiondata indicating a second user reaction to the modified content;analyzing the second reaction data to determine a second user affinityfor the modified content in the context of the physical environment andthe social environment; transmitting, responsive to the second useraffinity being greater than the first user affinity, the modifiedcontent to equipment of a plurality of other users, resulting intransmitted modified content; analyzing affinity responses from theequipment of the plurality of other users regarding the transmittedmodified content; identifying, based on the affinity responses, anaffinity group having members including the user and a set of theplurality of other users; receiving new content from equipment of amember of the affinity group other than the user, wherein the newcontent is generated by the equipment of the affinity group memberautomatically modifying the transmitted modified content; andtransmitting the new content to equipment of additional members of theaffinity group.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the analyzing thefirst reaction data comprises analyzing associations of the user todetermine a user affinity for a present social situation of the user. 3.The device of claim 1, wherein the first reaction data and the secondreaction data include biometric data automatically obtained from sensorsassociated with the user.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the firstuser affinity and the second user affinity are determined by comparingrespectively the first reaction data and the second reaction data with auser profile.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the affinity responsesfrom equipment of members of the affinity group are within apredetermined range of the second user affinity.
 6. The device of claim1, wherein the modified content is transmitted via a social network. 7.The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprisedetermining a collective affinity response of the affinity group to apresentation of the new content.
 8. The device of claim 7, wherein thecollective affinity response is determined by analyzing aggregatedreaction data of the members of the affinity group.
 9. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the content is provided in a virtual reality (VR)session that includes the plurality of other users, and wherein themodifying the content comprises altering an appearance of an avatarassociated with one of the plurality of other users.
 10. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the content has a tag associated therewith, and whereinthe operations further comprise: storing an identifier of the contentand the tag in a database; and storing the first user affinity in thedatabase, wherein the first user affinity is associated with theidentifier and with the tag.
 11. A method comprising: obtaining, by aprocessing system including a processor, environmental data for aphysical environment of user equipment and for a social environment of auser associated with the user equipment; providing, by the processingsystem, content for presentation at the user equipment; obtaining firstreaction data indicating a first user reaction to a presentation of thecontent; analyzing, by the processing system, the first reaction data todetermine a first user affinity for the content in a context of thephysical environment, the social environment, or a combination thereof;automatically modifying, by the processing system, the content inresponse to the first user affinity, to generate, during thepresentation, modified content for presentation at the user equipment,wherein the modified content is substituted for currently presentedcontent; obtaining, by the processing system, second reaction dataindicating a second user reaction to the modified content; analyzing, bythe processing system, the second reaction data to determine a seconduser affinity for the modified content in the context of the physicalenvironment, the social environment, or a combination thereof;transmitting, by the processing system responsive to the second useraffinity being greater than the first user affinity, the modifiedcontent to equipment of a plurality of other users, resulting intransmitted modified content; analyzing, by the processing system,affinity responses from the equipment of the plurality of other usersregarding the transmitted modified content; identifying, by theprocessing system based on the affinity responses, an affinity grouphaving members including the user and a set of the plurality of otherusers; receiving, by the processing system, new content from equipmentof a member of the affinity group other than the user, wherein the newcontent is generated by the equipment of the affinity group memberautomatically modifying the transmitted modified content; andtransmitting, by the processing system, the new content to equipment ofadditional members of the affinity group.
 12. The method of claim 11,wherein the analyzing the first reaction data comprises analyzingassociations of the user to determine a user affinity for a presentsocial situation of the user.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein thefirst reaction data and the second reaction data include biometric dataautomatically obtained from sensors associated with the user.
 14. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the first user affinity and the second useraffinity are determined by comparing respectively the first reactiondata and the second reaction data with a user profile.
 15. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the modified content is transmitted via a socialnetwork.
 16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium comprisingexecutable instructions that, when executed by a processing systemincluding a processor, facilitate performance of operations comprising:obtaining environmental data for a physical environment of userequipment and for a social environment of a user associated with theuser equipment; providing content for presentation at the userequipment; obtaining first reaction data indicating a first userreaction to a presentation of the content; analyzing the first reactiondata to determine a first user affinity for the content in a context ofthe physical environment and the social environment; automaticallymodifying the content in response to the first user affinity, togenerate, during the presentation, modified content for presentation atthe user equipment, wherein the modified content is substituted forcurrently presented content; obtaining second reaction data indicating asecond user reaction to the modified content; analyzing the secondreaction data to determine a second user affinity for the modifiedcontent in the context of the physical environment and the socialenvironment; transmitting, responsive to the second user affinity beinggreater than the first user affinity, the modified content to equipmentof a plurality of other users, resulting in transmitted modifiedcontent; analyzing affinity responses from the equipment of theplurality of other users regarding the transmitted modified content;identifying, based on the affinity responses, an affinity group havingmembers including a set of the plurality of other users; receiving newcontent from equipment of a member of the affinity group other than theuser, wherein the new content is generated by the equipment of theaffinity group member automatically modifying the transmitted modifiedcontent; and transmitting the new content to equipment of additionalmembers of the affinity group.
 17. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 16, wherein the analyzing the first reaction datacomprises analyzing associations of the user to determine a useraffinity for a present social situation of the user.
 18. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the firstreaction data and the second reaction data include biometric dataautomatically obtained from sensors associated with the user.
 19. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the firstuser affinity and the second user affinity are determined by comparingrespectively the first reaction data and the second reaction data with auser profile.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim16, wherein the modified content is transmitted via a social network.